🔥 DCS/SCADA | SIL 2/3 | IEC 61850 | IEC 61511 | NFPA 85

سیستم کنترل نیروگاه

Power Plant Distributed Control System

سیستم DCS یکپارچه برای نیروگاه‌های سیکل ترکیبی و حرارتی | کنترل توربین گاز/بخار | BMS/SIS | پایش آلاینده‌ها CEMS
رقیب Siemens SPPA-T3000 | ABB Symphony Plus | Emerson Ovation | GE Mark VIe

🎯 دیاگرام نیروگاه📋 ۲۰ زیرسیستم
20
Subsystem
DCS
Distributed
SIL 2/3
Safety
<100ms
Response
61850
IEC
NFPA85
BMS
APC
Advanced
99.9%
Availability
📊 Plant Overview

نمای کلی نیروگاه

Real-time DCS Status | 500MW CCGT 2×1 Configuration

🔥
485
MW Gross
↑ 2.1%
⚡
472
MW Net
↑ 1.9%
📈
61.2
% Efficiency
↑ 0.3%
🌡️
7,250
Heat Rate
↓ 50
🔄
50.01
Hz Freq
±0.02
⚡
23.8
kV Voltage
±0.5%
💨
18
ppm NOx
↓ 2
✅
Online
Status
2×GT+ST
📐 Plant Diagram

دیاگرام نیروگاه سیکل ترکیبی

500MW CCGT | 2×1 Configuration | 2×GT + HRSG + ST

🏭 Combined Cycle Power Plant - Live
✓ All Units OnlineBase Loadη = 61.2%
GT-1 165 MW Comp Comb GT-2 165 MW 580°C 580°C HRSG-1 HP IP LP 245 t/h 540°C / 125bar Stack: 95°C HRSG-2 HP IP LP 245 t/h 540°C / 125bar Steam Turbine HP IP LP 155 MW Condenser 35°C / 0.05bar GEN-1 165 MW GEN-2 165 MW GEN-3 155 MW GSU 400 MVA 21/400 kV YNd11 400 kV Grid 485 MW 50.01 Hz Cooling Tower 28°C Fuel NG
165
MW GT-1
165
MW GT-2
155
MW ST
485
MW Total
61.2%
Efficiency
7,250
Heat Rate
490
t/h Steam
1,350
°C TIT
🔥 Gas Turbine

کنترل توربین گاز

Mark VIe Compatible | Speed/Load Control | IGV | Fuel | Combustion Dynamics

🔥 Gas Turbine Control - GT-1
✓ RunningBase Load3,000 RPMTIT: 1,350°C
🔥
Speed/Load Control
Droop 4% | Isochronous
Speed
3,000
Load
165
Setpoint
165
Mode
Base
💨
IGV Control
Inlet Guide Vanes
Position
85°
Demand
85°
T Inlet
32°C
ΔP Comp
18:1
⛽
Fuel Control
Gas Fuel / Dual Fuel
Flow
42.5
Pressure
32 bar
SRV
78%
GCV
65%
🌡️
Temperature Control
Exhaust Temp Limit
TIT
1,350
Exhaust
580
Spread
±15°C
CPD
18 bar
/* Speed/Load Control */ P_out = η × ṁ_air × Cp × (T3 - T4) FSR = Kp×(N_ref - N) + Ki×∫(N_ref - N)dt IGV = f(Load, T_amb, Humidity) Heat_Rate = Fuel_Flow × LHV / P_net
Speed Control
AUTO
PV
3,000
SP
3,000
OP
65%
Mode
Droop
Load Control
CASCADE
PV
165 MW
SP
165 MW
Ramp
10 MW/m
Limit
Base
🛡️ GT Trip Conditions
⚠️ Overspeed > 110% (103% alarm)
⚠️ High Vibration > 12 mm/s (8 alarm)
⚠️ High Exhaust Temp Spread > 50°C
⚠️ Flame Loss - All Detectors
⚠️ Low Lube Oil Pressure < 0.8 bar
⚠️ High Bearing Temp > 120°C
⚠️ Generator Protection Trip (86G)
⚠️ Fire Detection in Enclosure
1 Purge
2 Ignition
3 Warmup
4 Sync
5 Load
💨 Steam Turbine

کنترل توربین بخار

HP/IP/LP Control | Governor | Extraction | Bypass System

💨 Steam Turbine Control
✓ RunningSliding Pressure3,000 RPM
🔴
HP Section
High Pressure
Inlet P
125 bar
Inlet T
540°C
Flow
320 t/h
Exhaust
35 bar
🟠
IP Section
Intermediate Pressure
Inlet P
32 bar
Inlet T
540°C
Flow
380 t/h
Exhaust
6 bar
🔵
LP Section
Low Pressure
Inlet P
5.5 bar
Inlet T
280°C
Flow
420 t/h
Vacuum
0.05bar
⚙️
Governor
Electro-Hydraulic
Speed
3,000
Load
155
Valve
78%
Droop
4%
/* Steam Turbine Power */ P = ṁ × (h_in - h_out) × η_isentropic Governor: 4-5% Droop Extraction: IP crossover Bypass: HP/LP to condenser
HP Bypass
AUTO
PV
0%
SP
125 bar
Mode
Closed
Spray
0%
LP Bypass
AUTO
PV
0%
SP
6 bar
Mode
Closed
Spray
0%
🛡️ ST Protection
⚠️ Overspeed > 110% Trip
⚠️ High Axial Shift > 1.5mm
⚠️ High Vibration > 10 mm/s
⚠️ Low Condenser Vacuum
⚠️ Low Lube Oil Pressure
⚠️ High Thrust Bearing Temp
⚠️ Generator Protection (86G)
🔥 HRSG

بویلر بازیاب حرارت

3-Pressure Level | Drum Level | Attemperator | Duct Firing

🔥 HRSG Control - Triple Pressure
✓ Normal490 t/hNo Duct Fire
🔴
HP Drum
125 bar / 540°C
Level
0 mm
Pressure
125
Steam T
540°C
Flow
245 t/h
🟠
IP Drum
35 bar / 540°C
Level
+5 mm
Pressure
35
Steam T
540°C
Flow
65 t/h
🔵
LP Drum
5.5 bar / 165°C
Level
-3 mm
Pressure
5.5
Steam T
165°C
Flow
45 t/h
💧
Attemperator
Desuperheater
HP Spray
12%
RH Spray
8%
SH Out
540°C
RH Out
540°C
🔥
Duct Burner
Supplementary Fire
Status
Standby
Capacity
50 MW
Fuel
0 kg/s
T Rise
0°C
/* 3-Element Drum Level Control */ FW_demand = K1×Level_err + K2×(Steam - FW) Shrink/Swell compensation active SP = f(Load) sliding setpoint Single element below 30% load
HP Drum Level
3-ELEMENT
Level
0 mm
SP
0 mm
FW Valve
65%
Steam
245 t/h
🛡️ HRSG Trips
⚠️ HP Drum Level High-High > +300mm
⚠️ HP Drum Level Low-Low < -300mm
⚠️ HP Steam Temp High > 560°C
⚠️ GT Trip → HRSG Isolation
⚠️ Duct Burner Flame Failure
⚡ Generator

کنترل ژنراتور

AVR/PSS | Excitation | Synchronization | Protection IEEE C37

⚡ Generator Control & Protection
✓ Synchronized485 MWPF 0.85
⚡
GEN-1 (GT-1)
200 MVA / 21 kV
MW
165
MVAr
52
Voltage
21.2 kV
PF
0.95
⚡
GEN-2 (GT-2)
200 MVA / 21 kV
MW
165
MVAr
52
Voltage
21.1 kV
PF
0.95
⚡
GEN-3 (ST)
180 MVA / 21 kV
MW
155
MVAr
48
Voltage
21.0 kV
PF
0.96
🔌
AVR/Excitation
Static Brushless
Mode
AVR
If
1,850 A
Ceiling
2.5 pu
PSS
ON
/* Generator Equations */ P = √3 × V × I × cos(φ) Q = √3 × V × I × sin(φ) AVR: Vt = Vref + Kp×ΔV + Ki×∫ΔV PSS: ΔP → Lead/Lag → Damping
AVR Voltage Control
AUTO
Vt
21.1 kV
Vref
21.0 kV
If
1,850 A
Limit
OEL
Synchronizer
AUTO
ΔV
< 5%
Δf
< 0.2Hz
Δφ
< 10°
Status
Sync'd
🛡️ Generator Protection (IEEE C37)
87G - Differential Protection
51V - Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent
40 - Loss of Field (LOF)
32 - Reverse Power
64 - Ground Fault (100%)
81 O/U - Over/Under Frequency
59/27 - Over/Under Voltage
24 - Volts/Hertz (V/Hz)
🔥 BMS

سیستم مدیریت مشعل

NFPA 85/86 | Purge | Ignition | Flame Detection | Fuel Safety

🔥 Burner Management System - NFPA 85
✓ Safe StateAll Flames OKSIL 2
💨
Purge Sequence
5 Volume Changes
Status
Complete
Airflow
25%
Time
5 min
Damper
Open
🔥
Flame Detection
UV/IR Scanners
GT-1
OK
GT-2
OK
DB-1
OFF
DB-2
OFF
⛽
Fuel Safety
Double Block & Bleed
SSOV-1
Open
SSOV-2
Open
Vent
Closed
P Gas
32 bar
⚡
Ignition
Spark/Pilot
Igniter
Ready
Pilot
Proved
TFST
10 sec
MTFI
4 sec
1 Pre-Purge
2 Ignition
3 Pilot Prove
4 Main Flame
5 Running
/* BMS Timing (NFPA 85) */ Pre-Purge: 5 vol changes minimum TFST: Trial for Ignition ≤ 10s MTFI: Max Trial for Flame ≤ 4s Post-Purge: 5 vol changes
🛡️ BMS Master Fuel Trip
⚠️ All Flames Lost (No Flame Proved)
⚠️ Fuel Pressure Low < 20 bar
⚠️ Airflow < Fuel (Air/Fuel Cross)
⚠️ Purge Not Complete
⚠️ Emergency Stop Activated
⚠️ Combustion Chamber Pressure High
⚠️ Fuel Leak Detected
🛡️ SIS

سیستم ایمنی ابزار دقیق

IEC 61511 | SIL 2/3 | 1oo2 / 2oo3 Voting | Proof Test

🛡️ Safety Instrumented System - SIL 2/3
✓ Safe StatePFDavg 1E-3TÜV Certified
🛡️
SIF-001
GT Overspeed Trip
SIL
SIL 3
Vote
2oo3
PFD
5E-4
Status
OK
🛡️
SIF-002
ESD System
SIL
SIL 2
Vote
1oo2
PFD
2E-3
Status
OK
🛡️
SIF-003
Fire & Gas
SIL
SIL 2
Vote
2oo3
PFD
1E-3
Status
OK
🛡️
SIF-004
HIPPS
SIL
SIL 3
Vote
2oo3
PFD
3E-4
Status
OK
45
SIF Loops
12
SIL 3
33
SIL 2
100%
Availability
98%
Proof Test
0
Spurious Trip
🌿 CEMS

پایش آلاینده‌ها

Continuous Emission Monitoring | NOx | CO | SO2 | Particulate

🌿 CEMS - Emission Monitoring
✓ CompliantEPA 40 CFR 60QA/QC Pass
💨
NOx
Chemiluminescence
Value
18
Unit
ppm
Limit
25
%
72%
💨
CO
NDIR
Value
8
Unit
ppm
Limit
50
%
16%
💨
CO2
NDIR
Value
4.2
Unit
%
Limit
8
%
52%
💨
O2
Paramagnetic
Value
14.5
Unit
%
Target
15%
λ
1.05
🌡️
Stack
Opacity/Flow
Temp
95
Flow
850
Opacity
2%
Unit
m³/s
Compliant
EPA Status
99.2%
Data Availability
Pass
RATA Test
Daily
Calibration
0
Exceedances
15%
O2 Reference
📈 Performance

پایش عملکرد

Heat Rate | Efficiency | APC | Online Optimization

📈 Performance Monitoring & Optimization
✓ OptimizedAPC Activeη = 61.2%
📊
Heat Rate
kJ/kWh
Current
7,250
Design
7,100
Best
7,180
Gap
+2.1%
⚡
Efficiency
Net %
Gross
62.5
Net
61.2
Aux
2.7%
Design
61.5%
🤖
APC
Advanced Process Control
Status
Active
MV
8
CV
12
Benefit
+0.5%
💰
Economics
Cost Optimization
Fuel
42.5
Unit
kg/s
$/MWh
28.5
Save
$850/h
🏭 Subsystems

۲۰ زیرسیستم کنترل نیروگاه

Comprehensive DCS/SCADA Coverage for Combined Cycle Power Plant

🔥
کنترل توربین گاز
Gas Turbine Control
Speed/Load Control, IGV, Fuel System, Temperature Control, Sequencing
Mark VIeFSRIGVEGTStartup
Loops: 45I/O: 850
💨
کنترل توربین بخار
Steam Turbine Control
Governor, HP/IP/LP Control, Bypass System, Extraction, Stress Monitoring
GovernorBypassExtractionTSE
Loops: 38I/O: 620
🔥
کنترل HRSG
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Drum Level 3-Element, Attemperator, Duct Burner, Stack Damper
3-ElementSprayDuct FireStack
Loops: 42I/O: 580
⚡
کنترل ژنراتور
Generator Control
AVR, PSS, Excitation, Synchronization, Protection Coordination
AVRPSSSyncUEL/OEL
Loops: 18I/O: 420
🔥
سیستم مشعل BMS
Burner Management System
NFPA 85, Purge Sequence, Flame Detection, Fuel Safety, Ignition
NFPA 85UV/IRPurgeSSOV
SIL: SIL 2I/O: 180
🛡️
سیستم ایمنی SIS
Safety Instrumented System
IEC 61511, SIL 2/3 Loops, ESD, F&G, HIPPS, Proof Testing
IEC 61511SIL 2/3ESDF&G
SIF: 45PFD: 1E-3
🌿
پایش آلاینده CEMS
Emission Monitoring
NOx, CO, SO2, O2, Opacity, Stack Flow, EPA Compliance
EPA CFRRATAQA/QCDAHS
Analyzers: 12Uptime: 99%
💧
سیستم آب و بخار
Water & Steam System
BFW Pumps, Deaerator, Condensate, Makeup Water, Blowdown
BFPDeaeratorHotwellCBD
Loops: 28I/O: 380
❄️
سیستم خنک‌کن
Cooling System
Cooling Tower, CCW Pumps, ACC Fans, Condenser Vacuum
CT FansCCWVacuumCIP
Loops: 22I/O: 340
⛽
سیستم سوخت
Fuel System
Gas Fuel, Liquid Fuel, Pressure Regulation, Heating, Metering
PRSHeaterFilterMeter
Loops: 18I/O: 280
🛢️
سیستم روغن
Lubrication & Hydraulic
Lube Oil, Hydraulic Oil, Seal Oil, Jacking Oil, Filters
LubeHydraulicSealJacking
Loops: 15I/O: 220
💨
سیستم هوای فشرده
Compressed Air System
Instrument Air, Plant Air, Dryers, Receivers, Distribution
IADryerReceiverHeader
Loops: 8I/O: 120
📊
کنترل پیشرفته APC
Advanced Process Control
MPC, Load Optimization, Heat Rate Minimization, Constraint Pushing
MPCOptimizerAdvisorAI
MV: 25CV: 40
📈
پایش عملکرد
Performance Monitoring
Heat Rate, Efficiency, Degradation, Heat Balance, KPIs
HREfficiencyLossesTrend
KPIs: 85Reports: Daily
🔌
پست الکتریکی
Electrical Substation
HV/MV Switchgear, Protection, GSU Transformer, Metering
IEC 61850GOOSEMeteringRelay
Bays: 12IEDs: 48
📡
لرزش و پایش وضعیت
Vibration & Condition
Bearing Vibration, Shaft Position, Temperature, Oil Debris
TSIProximityVelocityKeyphasor
Points: 120Machines: 8
🔔
مدیریت آلارم
Alarm Management
ISA 18.2, Rationalization, Suppression, Shelving, Analytics
ISA 18.2EEMUAPriorityKPI
Tags: 5,000Rate: < 10/h
💾
هیستورین و گزارش
Historian & Reporting
PI/Historian, SOE, Reports, Trends, Data Analytics
PISOEReportsBI
Tags: 25,000Retention: 10 yr
🔐
امنیت سایبری
OT Cybersecurity
IEC 62443, Firewall, IDS/IPS, Access Control, Patching
IEC 62443DMZSIEMSOC
SL: SL 2Zones: 5
🖥️
HMI و اپراتور
Operator Interface
Graphics, Faceplates, Trends, Alarms, Navigation, ASM
ASMISA 101HP GraphicsMobile
Screens: 250Stations: 8
📊 Dashboard

داشبورد عملیاتی

Real-time KPIs | Charts | Trend Analysis

🔥 ARG Power DCS
LIVE
485
MW Gross
472
MW Net
7,250
Heat Rate
61.2%
Efficiency
50.01
Hz
23.8
kV
18
NOx ppm
Online
Status
📈 24-Hour Load Profile
🔥 GT Performance
🌡️ Temperatures
165
MW GT-1
165
MW GT-2
155
MW ST
485
MW Total
52
MVAr G1
52
MVAr G2
48
MVAr G3
0.95
PF
1,350
°C TIT
580
°C Exhaust
540
°C HP Steam
125
bar HP
35
bar IP
5.5
bar LP
490
t/h Steam
95
°C Stack
18
NOx ppm
8
CO ppm
4.2
CO2 %
14.5
O2 %
2
Opacity %
850
Flow m³/s
99.2
Avail %
Pass
RATA
🔧 Phoenix Platform

معماری سیستم Phoenix

سه لایه DCS/SCADA با Phoenix Controller

🖥️
Phoenix DCS
Control Center / Operator Station
Point Capacity
100,000+
Scan Rate
100ms - 1s
Redundancy
Active/Standby
Protocol
OPC-UA / Modbus
HMI Stations
8 Dual Monitor
Historian
25,000 Tags
⚙️
Phoenix Controller
Process Controller / PLC
Scan Time
10-50 ms
I/O Capacity
2,000 per Controller
CPU
Dual Redundant
Memory
128 MB
Protocol
IEC 61131-3
Hot Standby
< 20 ms
📡
Phoenix I/O
Field I/O Modules
DI/DO Channels
16/32 per module
AI Resolution
16-bit
RTD Input
PT100/1000
TC Input
J/K/T/E/R/S/B
HART
Supported
Isolation
2.5 kV
25,000+
Total I/O Points
8
Redundant Controllers
99.99%
System Availability
< 100ms
Response Time
📈 ROI

مزایای اقتصادی

Return on Investment | Operational Excellence

+2%
Thermal Efficiency
-15%
Forced Outage
>99%
Availability
-30%
Emissions
<2yr
Payback Period
24/7
Monitoring